When dimension stone is used for building construction, the natural variation and uniqueness that makes the stone so appealing can bring with it the problem of variability in physical properties.  When stone is used without full knowledge of its properties, problems such as cracking, spalling, staining and decay can occur unexpectedly.  An effective testing program is an essential tool to minimise the problems that can be involved with the use of dimension stone.  To ensure total quality control of material used during a project, a comprehensive testing program can be carried out in three stages.

INITIAL TESTING        

An initial testing phase will obtain reliable information about the relevant properties of the particular stone that is being considered for use in the project.  By being aware of the potential as well as the limitations of dimension stone, the natural characteristics of the stone can be optimised during the design phase.  

TESTING FOR DESIGN

Once the physical properties of the stone have been established, specific testing can be carried out to confirm the behaviour of the unit being considered for use.  This testing phase will assist in validating the theoretical design loads and behaviour of the chosen design (e.g. determining the breaking load of segmental pavers).

CONSTRUCTION PHASE TESTING

This testing phase will provide greater confidence that material with properties complying with the specification is being delivered to the project.  This phase may include random statistical sampling and testing of finished units or inspection and testing of the raw material before processing.  The development of a practical and realistic specification that has a procedure for dealing with non-conforming products is essential to ensure quality construction practices and this will also assist in minimising disputes that may delay construction.

INITIAL TESTING

These tests aid in determining the suitability of a stone type for a specific application and will supply information for use in the design stage.

• Flexural Strength
• Modulus of Rupture
• Compressive Strength
• Water Absorption and Bulk Specific Gravity
• Permeability
• Resistance to Salt Crystallisation (Durability)
• Dimensional Stability
• Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
• Resistance to Abrasion
• Determination of Deleterious Minerals and Clay Content
• Environmental and Accelerated Ageing Tests

TESTING FOR DESIGN

The tests listed below assist in verifying the chosen design where stone is to be used as a veneer cladding.

• Structural Connections Tests
  • validation of anchor systems
• Slip Resistance

• Stain Resistance

• Loss of Polish

• Breaking Load of Segmental Pavers

• Sealant Compatibility
  • Heat and UV stability
  • Staining potential